Logic gates

Table of contents

1. Introduction
2. NOT gate
   1. Verilog code for NOT gate
3. AND gate
   1. Verilog code for AND gate
4. OR gate
   1. Verilog code for OR gate
5. NAND gate
   1. Verilog code for NAND gate
6. NOR gate
   1. Verilog code for NOR gate
7. XOR gate
   1. Verilog code for XOR gate
8. XNOR gate
   1. Verilog code for XNOR gate

Introduction

Logic Gates are devices which perform logical operations on one or more inputs and produces a single output. Logic gates can be categorized into 3 groups:

1. Basic Gates: NOT, AND, OR
2. Universal Gates: NAND, NOR
3. Arithmetic Gates: X-OR, X-NOR

Truth Table

The Table which contains all logical possibilities is known as truth table.

NOT gate

The NOT gate is also known as an inverter because it produces the exact opposite of the input as output. It has one input and one output. The Truth table for NOT gate is given below

Verilog code for NOT gate

module not_gate(
    input a,
    output c );
assign c=~a;
endmodule

AND gate

The AND gate’s operation is similar to that of multiplication. It has two inputs and one output. The output is high (1) if both inputs are 1, and for all other cases, the output is low (0). The Truth table for AND gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for AND gate

module and_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=a & b;
endmodule

OR gate

The OR gate has two inputs and one output. If at least one of the inputs is 1, then the output will be high (1). If neither of the inputs is 1, then the output will be low (0). The Truth table of OR gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for OR gate

module or_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=a | b;
endmodule

NAND gate

The NAND gate is the complement of the AND gate. You can think of it as an AND gate followed immediately by a NOT gate. Its output is low (0) when both the inputs are 1, and for all other cases, its output is high (1). The symbol of NAND gate consists of AND gate followed by a small circle. The Truth table of NAND gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for NAND gate

module nand_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=~(a & b);
endmodule

NOR gate

The NOR gate is the complement of the OR gate. You can think of it as an OR gate followed immediately by a NOT gate. Its output is low (0) when one or both of the inputs are 1, and for all other cases, its output is high (1). The symbol of NOR gate consists of OR gate followed by a small circle. The Truth table of NOR gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for NOR gate

module nor_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=~(a | b);
endmodule

XOR gate

The XOR (or) Exclusive-OR is a digital Logic gate that gives the output as high (1) if and only if one of the input is 1. The Truth table of XOR gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for XOR gate

module xor_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=a ^ b;
endmodule

XNOR gate

The XNOR (or) Exclusive-NOR is a digital Logic gate that gives the output as high (1) when both the inputs are same. The Truth table of XNOR gate which consists of two inputs is given below

Verilog code for XNOR gate

module xnor_gate(
    input a,
    input b,
    output c );
assign c=~(a ^ b);
endmodule